Today is a big grampa day for me, so posting will be brief.
First, Arnaud Bertrand provides a translation of the main results that came out of the BRICS summit at Kazan. It wasn’t just talk. I’ve presented Sapir’s views at least twice in the past. Sapir explains how three key decisions at the BRICS summit will advance the “de-Westernization” of the global economy.
Much of what Sapir says is necessarily speculative as far as the time line is concerned. However, please note toward the end his comments regarding the effect of these new initiatives on the ability of the US Treasury to finance US debt. This is already becoming a problem, so any further deterioration would be serious. In this context, a statement made by Trump is significant. It was clearly intended to assure financial markets—not so much ordinary voters—that a new Trump administration will be looking out for their interests and concerns. In other words, these BRICS initiatives—which were clearly forseen back in the Spring, are being taken very seriously in the West, and nowhere more seriously than in the US:
Trump Advisers Discuss Penalties for Nations That Move Away ... - Yahoo
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Apr 25, 2024 April 25, 2024 at 3:30 PM PDT. Translate. Listen. 3:13. Former President Donald Trump 's economic advisers are considering ways to actively stop nations from shifting away from using the dollar ...
Trump Aides Discuss Penalties for Nations That De-Dollarize (1)
Apr 25, 2024 Former President Donald Trump 's economic advisers are considering ways to actively stop nations from shifting away from using the dollar — an effort to counter budding moves among key emerging markets to reduce exposure to the US currency, according to people familiar with the matter. Discussions include penalties for allies or adversaries ...
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Economic advisors to Donald Trump are working out plans to blunt de-dollarization efforts, which could include penalties on any economy that moves away from the greenback. Tariffs, export controls ...
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Apr 26, 2024 Trump has favored a stable dollar, and for other countries to match that policy by refraining from interventions seeking to devalue their currencies. With the Federal Reserve holding off on lowering interest rates, the dollar lately has been on the rise, spurring authorities overseas to consider interventions to prop up — not devalue ...
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Sep 7, 2024 Listen. 2:07. Donald Trump pledged on Saturday to make it too costly for countries to shift away from using the US dollar, adding a new pillar to his tariff platform. "You leave the dollar and ...
Now Sapir:
Arnaud Bertrand @RnaudBertrand
This is probably the best thread that I've read on the key decisions taken at the BRICS meeting in Kazan, which are bigger than I thought at first glance.
Jacques Sapir is a renowned French economist and one of the foremost Western experts on the Russian economy.
Since his  is in French, I translated it in full below 
"The conclusion of the 16th BRICS summit held in Kazan from October 22-24 resulted in important decisions.
It should be noted that BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), joined by 4 new countries (Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, United Arab Emirates), now represent more than 33% of global GDP compared to the G7's 29%.
Among these decisions, three stand out:
the institutionalization of a "partner countries" category within BRICS,
the creation of the BRICS-Clear system to facilitate exchanges between members and partner countries, and
the establishment of the BRICS (Re)Insurance Company.
The consequences of these decisions will be very significant, not only for BRICS and their associates but also for the Western world. The movement toward global "de-Westernization" is accelerating.
One of the most emblematic decisions taken at the Kazan summit was the institutionalization of the "partner countries" category within BRICS. This creates a "BRICS zone" around the core members.
The presence of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam in this "partner" category implies that BRICS, already dominant in Asia due to China and India's membership, could become hegemonic in this region.
The second essential decision of the 16th BRICS summit is the creation of BRICS Clear, a settlement and clearing system for both intra-BRICS trade and trade between BRICS and "partner" countries.
One of BRICS Clear's key objectives is to create an alternative to the SWIFT system. Within the BRICS Clear system, the use of national currencies as instruments for settling international transactions will be prioritized.
Transaction clearing will be handled through a "stablecoin" managed by the New Development Bank. The clearing issue is important since trade will be multilateral (22 countries: 9 BRICS members and 13 partner countries).
This system draws inspiration from the European Payments Union (1950-1957). At that time, transaction calculations and final settlement were done in dollars. In BRICS Clear, a "stablecoin" will serve as the unit of account, with final settlement occurring in local currencies.
Trade requires insurance services (for both the contract itself and transportation); these insurance services involve reinsurance activities. With the BRICS (Re)Insurance Company, BRICS is building its independence from Western insurance companies.
This measure, the third important decision from the Kazan summit, will facilitate intra-BRICS trade, as well as trade with "partner" countries and generally with any country wishing to trade with the "BRICS Zone."
The last two measures (BRICS Clear and the insurance company) decided at the 16th BRICS summit in Kazan will necessarily have significant consequences for global trade structure and the international use of the Dollar and Euro.
The consequences for global trade structure fall into two categories. The first involves trade flow diversion due to preferential conditions for intra-BRICS trade and between BRICS partners.
The export loss for "non-BRICS" and Western countries will amount to 5-7% of volume for Western countries. While this figure isn't very significant, the proportion could vary greatly by country and have destabilizing consequences for some.
The second, more immediate consequence lies in the loss of business for Western insurance and reinsurance companies specializing in trade insurance, which will necessarily be significant.
The monetary consequences of the massive and relatively rapid de-dollarization process, even though the term "de-dollarization" is rejected by two BRICS countries (India and Brazil) who nonetheless approve and support the BRICS Clear system, will be significant.
Intra-BRICS trade and trade with partner countries represents 35-40% of global trade. While some is already conducted in local currencies, it seems very unlikely that this portion exceeds 20% of intra-BRICS trade and trade with partner countries.
This means that 28-32% of global trade, currently conducted in Dollars and Euros, could gradually be transformed within the BRICS Clear framework into trade independent of the Dollar and Euro.
Potentially, the "de-dollarized" portion through BRICS Clear in the coming 5 years would be between 70-80%, thus representing between 19.5% and 25.5% of global trade. Mechanically, the Dollar's share in international transactions would decrease accordingly.
If we estimate that the currency share in Central Bank reserves roughly reflects these currencies' use in trade, the Dollar's share could decline from 58% of total identified reserves to around 35-40%.
The Euro's share would be much less affected because the Euro is currently mainly used in intra-EU trade and with immediate EU partners where, except for Turkey, the impact of trade with the "BRICS zone" is low.
However, the impact would not be limited to the sharp decline of the Dollar and the rise of "other currencies." Indeed, the Dollar amounts held by Central Banks are held in the form of U.S. Treasury bonds.
The shift from 58% to 34-39% in Central Bank reserves would imply massive sales of Treasury bonds, causing a collapse of the public bond market and significant difficulties for the U.S. Treasury in refinancing United States debt.
One can therefore consider that the implementation of the BRICS Clear system will have significant implications for the stability of the global monetary system and more specifically for the "Western" portion of this global monetary system."
Quote
Jacques Sapir @russeurope Oct 27
I L’achèvement du 16ème sommet des BRICS qui s’est tenu à Kazan du 22 au 24 octobre a donné lieu à des décisions importantes. Petit #Fil ou #Thread sur ce sujet. @Vukuzman @escortert
Last edited
10:03 AM · Oct 27, 2024
There are lots of “former Trump advisors” who were recommended by beltway insiders whom Trump will never listen to again. Unless Navarro or Lighthizers names are mentioned I’m not paying much attention to anything the MSM claim regarding economic advisors.
The shift in Central banks holdings and United States treasury bonds would spell out a number of possible problems. Obviously, the first problem would be who would buy our debt new debt as well as refinancing of old debt. I could foresee a scenario that happened in Japan, where the federal reserve would become the final market maker and that they would be buying everything to support the market. Problem with that is it will cause more inflation. The federal reserve literally will be printing money to buy our own debt which will not only cause inflation, it will also cause a valuation of our currency of whatever’s left of it.
The other problem could possibly be the default on the debt we have ourselves in with $36 trillion of debt and counting our interest expense on the debt now is over $1 trillion a year that’s not sustainable. Eurasia, moving away from the dollar will exacerbate our own fiscal problems here. I don’t believe the policies outlined by Trump are going to help this situation.